Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)
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Our guide has been authored by qualified veterinarians, but should not be taken as substitute for medical advice or professional veterinary consultation. If your pet displays any unusual symptoms, we strongly advise seeking guidance from a veterinarian
Understanding Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) in dogs
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), is a medical condition that affects certain dog breeds with brachycephalic (short-nosed) facial structures. It is characterized by a combination of anatomical abnormalities in the upper respiratory tract, which can cause breathing difficulties and respiratory distress.
Teddy's story
Teddy, a French Bulldog, was brought in to the vet by his worried owner, due to severe breathing difficulties. Recognizing the signs of Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), they provided immediate emergency care, including oxygen support. After stabilizing Teddy with oxygen and sedation, the vet educated his owner about lifestyle adjustments to manage the condition effectively, highlighting the importance of early detection and intervention in caring for brachycephalic dogs. Teddy was referred for surgery a few months later and his quality of life improved dramatically.
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)'s Causes: Uncovering Triggers
- Abnormal skull and facial conformation of brachycephalic breeds – a shortened skull, narrowed nasal passages and an elongated soft palate. These abnormalities restrict the flow of air through the upper airway and increase the effort required for breathing, especially during exercise or when excited.
- Hypoplastic Trachea – some brachycephalic breeds may have a trachea (windpipe) that is narrower than normal, a condition known as tracheal hypoplasia. This further exacerbates the breathing difficulties in affected dogs.
- Everted Laryngeal Saccules – occurs when small pouches of tissue near the vocal cords become inverted or protrude into the airway, obstructing the flow of air.
Recognizing Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS): Signs and Symptoms
- Breathing difficulties: Including increased respiratory effort, such as exaggerated chest movements and frequent panting.
- Loud snoring or snorting sounds: Even while resting or sleeping.
- Exercise intolerance: Due to their compromised respiratory function, dogs with BOAS tend to have reduced stamina and may become tired more quickly during exercise or play.
- Change in tongue or gum color (cyanosis): In severe cases, where there is significant airway obstruction, dogs may exhibit a bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes, such as the gums or tongue.
- Gagging, coughing, or retching: Particularly after eating or drinking. These symptoms can occur because of difficulty in swallowing or regurgitation of food or water.
- Collapsing or fainting: In extreme cases of airway obstruction, dogs may collapse or faint due to severe respiratory distress and inadequate oxygen supply.
It’s important to note that BOAS is a progressive condition, and the severity of symptoms can vary among individual dogs.
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) Diagnosis: How it's Identified
Identification of distinctive clinical signs typically enables a swift diagnosis of the syndrome. Physical traits like narrow nostrils or an elongated palate are readily observed during a thorough external examination, sometimes necessitating gentle manipulation and the assistance of tools like a laryngoscope. Subsequently, chest X-rays are commonly conducted to uncover any additional issues accompanying the syndrome or causing similar symptoms, such as heart disease, bronchitis, inflammation, or pulmonary edema. In rare instances, advanced imaging techniques like rhinoscopy, CT scans, or MRI may be utilized, though they are usually unnecessary.
Treating Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS): Options and Approaches
The primary goal of treatment for BOAS is to alleviate the clinical signs and improve the affected dog’s quality of life. The specific treatment options for BOAS may vary depending on the severity of the condition and the individual dog, but here are some common approaches:
In less severe cases of BOAS, conservative management strategies may be employed. These can include: maintaining healthy body weight, keeping them in well-ventilated areas, avoiding exposure to high temperatures and excessive exercise, minimizing stress and excitement, and using harnesses instead of collars.
In severe cases of BOAS, surgical correction is necessary to alleviate airway obstruction. Some common surgical procedures include:
- Nares resection – widening the nostrils to improve airflow.
- Soft palate resection – shortening the elongated and thickened soft palate.
- Laryngeal saccule excision
- Tracheostomy – in extremely severe cases, a temporary or permanent opening can be made in the trachea (windpipe) to bypass the upper airway obstruction.
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS): Surprising Facts
It's estimated that greater than 60% of brachycephalic dogs suffer from some degree of BOAS.
Brachycephalic dogs are more prone to heat stroke due to their compromised respiratory system and reduced ability to regulate body temperature.
The condition is typically congenital, meaning it is present from birth, but symptoms may not become apparent until later in a dog's life.
Vet's Tip: Dealing with Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for dogs with BOAS, as excess weight can worsen breathing difficulties. Ensure your dog is on an appropriate diet and exercise routine to prevent obesity. Provide your dog with a well-ventilated space with cool temperatures. Avoid exposing them to extreme heat, humidity, or environments with poor air quality.
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Latest in Research and Treatments
The 6-minute walk test is a safe and simple test that is commonly used to assess functional exercise capacity in humans with impaired cardiorespiratory function. The test has been recently assessed in brachycephalic dogs as a test for assessment of functional exercise capacity after airway surgery. The pilot study showed that the test was feasible and relatively easy to perform on these dogs.
dogs breeds Prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)
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