Constipation

Our guide has been authored by qualified veterinarians, but should not be taken as substitute for medical advice or professional veterinary consultation. If your pet displays any unusual symptoms, we strongly advise seeking guidance from a veterinarian

Understanding Constipation in Dogs

Canine constipation refers to a condition in which a dog has difficulty or is unable to pass stool. It is characterized by infrequent or incomplete bowel movements, straining or pain during defecation, and the passage of hard, dry stools. Just like humans, dogs can experience occasional bouts of constipation, which can be uncomfortable for them.

The story of Max

One morning, Max, an English Bulldog, seemed restless and uncomfortable when he came into the clinic. His owner reported that his bowel movements were less over the past few days and this morning he was unable to produce any stool. As a veterinarian, I quickly examined him and diagnosed constipation after feeling firm feces in his gastrointestinal tract. X-rays were ordered and confirmed my diagnosis as well as the fact that Max had abnormalities of his spine, likely leading to the condition. I explained the situation to his owner and started treatment with dietary adjustments and hydration. Over a few days, Max's condition improved, and he was back to his normal habits. We continue to manage him long-term with a high-fiber diet and laxatives as needed.

Causes of Constipation: Uncovering Triggers

Lack of dietary fiber – Insufficient fiber intake can lead to hardening of the stool and difficulty in elimination.
Dehydration – Inadequate water consumption can result in the body absorbing more water from the colon, leading to hardening of the stool.
Lack of exercise – Physical activity helps stimulate bowel movements, so a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to constipation.
Ingestion of foreign objects – Dogs may accidentally swallow items like bones, rocks, or toys, which can obstruct the digestive tract and cause constipation.
Medications – Certain medications, such as painkillers, some antibiotics, or antacids, can have constipation as a side effect.
Underlying medical conditions – Various health issues, including intestinal blockages, tumors, anal gland problems, pelvic injuries, or neurological disorders, can cause constipation in dogs.

Recognizing Constipation: Signs and Symptoms

Infrequent bowel movements: Dogs typically have regular bowel movements, and a significant decrease in frequency can indicate constipation.
Straining and difficulty defecating: You may notice your dog straining to defecate, spending an extended period in the squatting position without producing a stool.
Small, dry, or hard stools: When a dog is constipated, the stools are often reduced in size and consistency. They may become dry, hard, and difficult to pass.
Abdominal discomfort: Dogs with constipation may display signs of abdominal discomfort, such as restlessness, pacing, or discomfort when the abdominal area is touched.
Loss of appetite: Constipated dogs may experience a decreased appetite due to the discomfort or bloating associated with constipation.
Lethargy: Dogs with constipation may appear tired, sluggish, or lack energy.
Vomiting: In severe cases, constipation can lead to vomiting, as the digestive system becomes backed up.

It’s important to remember that while occasional mild constipation may not be a cause for concern, persistent or severe constipation can be uncomfortable and potentially indicate an underlying health issue.

Constipation Diagnosis: How it's Identified

In addition to reviewing the medical history and visible clinical signs, the veterinarian will conduct a thorough physical examination. This includes palpating the abdomen to detect any blockages or hardened stools and performing a rectal examination to assess stool texture and identify rectal obstructions. X-rays are valuable for assessing the dog’s digestive system, revealing issues like fecal accumulation in the large intestine, megacolon, or intestinal blockages from foreign objects or tumors. Blood and urine tests will be conducted to evaluate the dog’s overall health. If the cause of constipation remains unclear, further diagnostics such as ultrasound or colonoscopy may be necessary to rule out tumors or foreign bodies.

Treating Constipation: Options and Approaches

Increase water intake: Encourage your dog to drink more water, as dehydration can contribute to constipation. Provide fresh water at all times and consider adding water to your dog’s food or using a pet water fountain to entice them to drink more.
Dietary changes: Ensure your dog’s diet includes an appropriate amount of fiber. You can try adding canned pumpkin (not pie filling) to their meals, as it contains soluble fiber that can help regulate bowel movements. Alternatively, consult your veterinarian about switching to a high-fiber diet or adding fiber supplements.
Exercise: Regular physical activity can help stimulate bowel movements. Take your dog for daily walks or engage in active playtime to encourage movement and exercise.
Lubricants and stool softeners: You can ask your veterinarian about using stool softeners or lubricants specifically designed for dogs. These products can help soften the stool and ease its passage. However, do not administer any over-the-counter human laxatives without veterinary guidance, as they can be toxic to dogs.
Vet-prescribed medications: In some cases, your veterinarian may prescribe medications to help relieve constipation. These may include stool softeners, laxatives, or medications that promote bowel movements. Always consult your vet before giving any medication to your dog.

Constipation: Surprising Facts

Approximately 10% of all veterinary visits are related to gastrointestinal issues, with constipation being one of the main concerns.

Studies show that 90% of dogs fed a low-fiber diet experienced constipation, compared to only 13% of dogs fed a high-fiber diet.

Elderly dogs are more susceptible due to reduced mobility, muscle tone, and metabolic changes. Similarly, dogs with a sedentary lifestyle or lack of exercise may experience constipation more frequently than active dogs.

Vet's Tip: Dealing with Constipation

Encouraging your dog to drink more water can help soften the stool and promote regular bowel movements. Consult your veterinarian about adjusting your dog’s diet to include more fiber. Increasing the fiber content can add bulk to the stool and facilitate easier passage. Exercise and physical activity. Regular exercise can also help stimulate the digestive system and promote bowel movements. Take your dog for daily walks or engage them in play sessions to encourage movement.

Price Tag

Comprehensive Vet Exam

$500-$1000

Medications

$50-$200

Enema under anesthesia

$1,000-$3,000

Latest in Research and Treatments

Alternative therapies can sometimes provide additional support for addressing constipation in dogs: Acupuncture can help promote bowel movement and relieve constipation in some cases, gentle abdominal massage can stimulate the digestive system and help move stool through the intestines, and certain herbs such as slippery elm bark, marshmallow root, or psyllium husk, can help soften the stool and improve bowel movements. However, it’s crucial to consult with a holistic veterinarian to ensure safe and appropriate use of these remedies, as some herbs can be toxic to dogs.