Hypothermia
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Our guide has been authored by qualified veterinarians, but should not be taken as substitute for medical advice or professional veterinary consultation. If your pet displays any unusual symptoms, we strongly advise seeking guidance from a veterinarian
Understanding Hypothermia in dogs and cats
Hypothermia occurs when an animal’s body temperature drops below the normal range and can lead to abnormalities in various body functions. For dogs and cats, this typically means a body temperature below 99°F. Hypothermia may occur after prolonged exposure to cold weather, submersion in cold water, anesthesia, or certain medical conditions. It affects a pet’s ability to function normally and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
Bella's story
Bella, a 6-year-old tabby cat, went missing during a cold winter night. Being an indoor-only cat, she wasn’t savvy about protecting herself in the harsh outdoor climate. After 12 hours, her owner found her curled up in a neighbor’s shed, cold to the touch and barely responsive. Rushed to the emergency vet, Bella was diagnosed with moderate hypothermia after they found her temperature was 96°F. The veterinary team quickly initiated warming procedures using heated blankets and IV fluids. After a few tense hours, Bella began to recover and slowly became more responsive. Thanks to her owner’s prompt action, Bella could return home after a full recovery.
Hypothermia's Causes: Uncovering Triggers
Hypothermia is caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. Other contributing factors include:
- Wet fur that accelerates heat loss in cold surroundings.
- Medical conditions such as hypothyroidism or shock.
- Anesthesia or sedatives during surgery, which can slow metabolism.
- Inadequate shelter during cold weather.
Young, old, and small pets, like those with thin fur, are especially vulnerable.
Recognizing Hypothermia: Signs and Symptoms
- Shivering followed by lack of shivering in severe cases
- Weakness or lethargy
- Slow or shallow breathing
- Cold extremities (ears, paws)
- Stumbling or lack of coordination
- Unresponsiveness or coma in severe cases
Hypothermia Diagnosis: How it's Identified
Diagnosis begins with taking the pet’s rectal temperature. A body temperature below 99°F indicates hypothermia. Veterinarians may also run blood tests to assess organ function and ensure the pet isn’t in shock or suffering from any underlying health conditions. A physical exam will help determine the severity of hypothermia and any complications. ECG monitoring is also used in severe cases of dog or cat hypothermia.
Treating Hypothermia: Options and Approaches
Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Mild hypothermia can often be treated at home with gradual warming:
- Wrap the pet in blankets. Emergency blankets are beneficial.
- Use a heating pad set on low and avoid direct skin contact.
- Warm water bottles can be wrapped in towels and placed on the pet’s bed.
For moderate to severe cases, veterinary intervention is necessary:
- Intravenous (IV) fluids warmed to body temperature.
- Warm air blankets or heated cages.
- Monitoring for heart arrhythmias, shock, or other complications.
Hypothermia: Surprising Facts
Dogs and cats with thin fur are more susceptible to hypothermia.
Pets with hypothyroidism are at greater risk for developing hypothermia.
Even indoor pets can suffer from hypothermia if exposed to low temperatures for extended periods.
Vet's Tip: Dealing with Hypothermia
During cold weather, always bring your pets indoors. If they must go outside, limit their exposure and provide a cozy, insulated shelter. Remember, your pet’s comfort and safety should always be a priority. Invest in sweaters or jackets for dogs with short fur, and ensure your pet stays dry in the rain or snow.
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Latest in Research and Treatments
Advances in veterinary care now include temperature-controlled surgical environments and high-tech warming devices that help prevent and treat hypothermia more effectively. New protocols also emphasize rapid rewarming techniques to avoid complications.
dogs and cats breeds Prone to Hypothermia
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